각종 기념일을 지키라는 레위기 23장에 관하여

레위기 23장은 이스라엘 백성들이 하나님을 위해 지켜야 할 각종 기념일 등에 관한 날과 지켜야 할 것 등에 관해서 아주 세세한 내용이 나오는 장입니다. 결론적으로 세계인의 문화 및 풍습은 다 거기서 거기구나 싶은 생각이 들었습니다.

 

 

 

 

약속된 축일에 관하여

 

1. The Lord spoke to Moses, saying,

2. "Speak to the people of Israel and say to them, These are the appointed feasts of the Lord that you shall proclaim as holy convocations; they are my appointed feasts.

 

로드가 이제 기념일 같은 것을 공표하려나 봅니다. 백성들과 제사장 등은 약속된 축일을 잘 기억하고 기념하라고 선포합니다.

 

 

 

 The Sabbath

 

 

3. "For six days, shall work be done, but on the seventh day is a Sabbath of solemn rest, a holy convocation. You shall do no work. It is a Sabbath to the Lord in all your dwelling places.

 

4. "These are the appointed feasts of the Lord, the holy convocations, which you shall proclaim at the time appointed for them.

5. In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month at twilight, is the Lord's Passover.

6. And on the fifteenth day of the same month is the Feast of Unleavened Bread to the Lord; for seven days you shall eat unleavened bread.

7. On the first day you shall have a holy convocation; you shall not do any ordinary work.

8. But you shall present a food offering to the Lord for seven days. On the seventh day is a holy convocation; you shall not do any ordinary work."

 

 

 

안식일과 무교절 유월절 등이 나오는데요. 안식일은 6일 동안 일하고 일곱 번째 날 쉬라는 의미의 안식일로 일요일을 의미하는 것 같습니다. 유월절은 태양력으로 3월에서 4월 중 며칠을 기념하는 날인데, 유월절은 모세가 이스라엘 백성들을 데리고 이집트를 탈출한 날을 기념한 날입니다. 그리고 이때의 고난을 잊지 말라는 의미로 무교병을 먹으라고 하는데요. 대체 국내 여호와 증인 종교 단체는 왜 우리가 이집트를 탈출한 것도 아닌데 이 날을 기억하라고 포교하는지 이해가 안 갑니다. 차라리 메시아가 곧 오실 겁니다.라고 포교를 하는 게 나을 것 같은데 말입니다.

 

유월절과 무교절은 맞물려 있다고 해야 하나요. 이들 달력 기준으로 유월절은 정월 14일 저녁에 해당하고 무교절은 다음 날에 해당합니다. 무교절에는 떡과 쓴 나물을 먹는다고 하는데요. 한국도 정월 대보름 행사가 있죠. 뭔가 전세계인의 문화가 비슷하게 느껴지는 것은 왜일까요?

 

 첫 과실을 바쳐라

 

9. And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 

10. "Speak to the people of Israel and say to them, When you come into the land that I give you and reap its harvest, you shall bring the sheaf of the firstfruits of your harvest to the priest,

11. and he shall wave the sheaf before the Lord, so that you may be accepted. On the day after the Sabbath the priest shall wave it.

12. And on the day when you wave the sheaf, you shall offer a male lamb a year old without blemish as a burnt offering to the Lord.

13. And the grain offering with it shall be two tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil, a food offering to the Lord with a pleasing aroma, and the drink offering with it shall be of wine, a quarter of a hin.

14. And you shall eat neither bread nor grain parched or fresh until this same day, until you have brought the offering of your God: it is a statute for ever throughout your generations in all your dwellings.

 

 

 

미국에는 청교도인들이 정착하면서 첫 수확한 농작물을 원주민들과 나누어 먹으면서 추수감사절이 생겼지만 유대교에서는 초막절이라고 해서 첫수확물을 창조주에게 바치는 날이라고 합니다. 한국에는 추석이 해당하겠죠.

 

 

 피곤한 날들

 

 

15. "You shall count seven full weeks from the day after the Sabbathe, from the day that you brought the sheaf of the wave offering.

16. You shall count fifty days to the day after the seventh Sabbath. Then you shall present a grain offering of new grain to the Lord.

17. You shall bring from your dwelling places two loaves of bread to be waved, made of two tenths of an ephah. They shall be of fine flour, and they shall be baked with leaven, as firstfruits to the Lord.

18. And you shall present with the bread seven lambs a year old without blemish, and one bull from the herd and two rams. They shall be a burnt offering to the Lord, with their grain offering and their drink offerings, a food offering with a pleasing aroma to the Lord.

19. And you shall offer one male goat for a sin offering, and two male lambs a year old as a sacrifice of peace offerings.

20. And the firstfruits as a wave offering before the Lord, with the two lambs. They shall be holy to the LOrd for the priest.

21. And you shall make proclamation on the same day. You shall not do any ordinary work. It is a statute for ever in all yourdwelling places throughout your generations.

 

 

 

22. "And when you reap the harvest of your land, you shall not reap your field right up to its edge, nor shall you gather the gleanings after your harvest. You shall leave them for the poor and for the sojourner: I am the Lord your God."

 

진짜 뭘 그렇게 지켜야 할 규칙이 많은지, 이것은 모두 백성들에게 잡념없이 기념일 지키면서 공동체 생활의 결속을 다지고 신에 대한 믿음 강화 및 절대 순종을 지키기 위함인 것 같습니다. 누가 봐도 지배 권력이 피지배권력을 조종하기 위해 만든 기념일이겠죠.

 

 

 

 속죄의 날

 

 

23. And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying,

24. "Speak to the people of Israel, saying, In the seventh month, on the first day of the month, you shall observe a day of solemn rest, a memorial proclaimed with blast of trumpets, a holy convocation.

25. You shall not do any ordinary work, and you shall present a food offering to the Lord."

 

  26. And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 

27. "Now on the tenth day of this seventh month is the Day of Atonement. It shall be for you a time of holy convocation, and you shall afflict yourselves and present a food offering to the Lord.

28. And you shall not do any work on that very day, for it is a Day of Atonement, to make atonement for you before the Lord your God.

29. For whoever is not afflicted on that very day shall be cut off from his people.

30. And whoever does any work on that very day, that person I will destroy from among his people.

31. You shall not do any work. It is a statute for ever throughout your generations in all your dwelling places.

32. It shall be to you a Sabbath of solemn rest, and you shall afflict yourselves. On the ninth day of the month beginning at evening, from evening to evening shall you keep your Sabbath."

 

 

 

탈출한 날을 잊지 말자고 기념하고, 첫 수확한 날을 기념한 날 등등부터 이젠 속죄의 날까지 나옵니다. 이스라엘 백성들은 뭔 죄를 그리 많이 지었길래 속죄의 날까지 정해서 반성을 하는지 모르겠습니다. 물론 이들의 종교는 우리만 그런 거 아니다 너네도 한 민족이고, 이 종교를 믿으면 천국 가고 아니면 지옥 간다 등등 별의별 겁을 다 주긴 하지만요. 창조주는 외계 지배인이라는 확신이 들지 않을 수 없네요.

 

 

 초막절은 또 뭥미

 

33. And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 

34. "Speak to the people of Israel, saying, On the fifteenth day of this seventh month and for seven days is the Feast of Booths to the Lord.

35. On the first day shall be a holy convocation; you shall not do any ordinary work.

36. For seven days you shall present food offerings to the Lord. On the eighth day you hal hold a holy convocation and present a food offering to the LOrd. On the eighth day you shall hold a holy convocation and present a food offering to the Lord. It is a solemn assembly; you shall not do any ordinary work.

 

37. "These are the appointed feast of the Lord, which you shall proclaim as times of holy convocation, for presenting to the Lord food offerings, burnt offerings and grain offerings, sacrifices and drink offerings, each on its proper day, 

38. besides the Lord's Sabbaths and besides your gifts and besides all your vow offerings and besides all your freewill offerings, which you give to the Lord.

 

 

 

 39. "On the fifteenth day of the seventh month, when you have gathered in the produce of the land, you shall celebrate the feast of the Lord for seven days. On the first day shall be a solemn rest, and on the eighth day shall be a solemn rest.

40. And you shall take on the first day the fruit of splendid trees, branches of palm trees and boughs of leafy trees and willows of the brook, and you shall rejoice before the Lord your God for seven days.

41. You shall celebrate it as a feast to the Lord for seven days in the year. It is a statute for ever throughout your generations; you for ever throughout your generations; you shall celebrate it in the seventh month.

42. You shall dwell in booths for seven days. All native Israelites shall dwell in booths, 

43. that your generations may know that I made the people of Israel dwell in booths when I brought them out of the land of Egypt: I am the Lord your God."

 

 44. Thus Moses declared to the people of Israel the appointed feasts of the Lord.

 

이번에는 초막절이 등장하는데요. 절기의 마지막이라고 했던가. 아무튼 이 초막절도 유대교의 대표적인 명절 중 하나라고 하는데요. 개인적으로 캠핑의 시초가 아닌가 싶습니다. 작은 초막을 지어놓고 지내는 것 같은데 히피의 원조, 캠핑의 원조 아무튼 그런 느낌입니다.